JDK 壓縮與解壓工具類

在實際的應用場景中，特別是對外傳輸數據時，將原始數據壓縮之後丟出去，可以說是非常常見的一個case了，平常倒是沒有直接使用JDK原生的壓縮工具類，使用Protosutff和Kryo的機會較多,正好在實際的工作場景中遇到了，現在簡單的看下使用姿勢

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I. 壓縮與解壓工具類

1. 基本實現

主要藉助的就是Deflater, Inflater兩個工具類，其使用姿勢如下

public static String uncompress(byte[] input) throws IOException {
Inflater inflater = new Inflater();
inflater.setInput(input);
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(input.length);
try {
byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
while (!inflater.finished()) {
int count = inflater.inflate(buff);
baos.write(buff, 0, count);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
baos.close();
}
inflater.end();
byte[] output = baos.toByteArray();
return new String(output, "UTF-8");
}
public static byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
byte[] output;
Deflater compress = new Deflater();
compress.reset();
compress.setInput(data);
compress.finish();
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(data.length);
try {
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
while (!compress.finished()) {
int i = compress.deflate(buf);
bos.write(buf, 0, i);
}
output = bos.toByteArray();
} catch (Exception e) {
output = data;
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
bos.close();
}
compress.end();
return output;
}

一個簡單的測試

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
builder.append("a" + (new Random().nextInt() * 26));
}
String text = builder.toString();
byte[] compres = compress(text.getBytes());
System.out.println(compres.length + " : " + text.getBytes().length);
String res = uncompress(compres);
System.out.println("uncompress!
" + text + "
" + res);
}

輸出結果

1011 : 1974
uncompress!
1159641073884270587-148914555-876348695-140903655914152858511750740619-504526839109631208315104321891746743931-228808979-1303586499-19431155411964999751-1784318475-954798177-1812907183-831342707-3149322476028964551802022597-269963287-6384200011467670385844411707877038035412670417-1119826115558346219-959513147646693111435818855-32626587-18184494797054550038966016212145089137523302939171183465807867207-5294746515903446057333959811216956465-11772186456902770294071039871896527261-126190055310658640239029635411410052621945318513-1099749933-2044334159884087065-1705740759-1313321287-1408007761-12659778231544522691472523171153203782987609706919936632357801287155512488271333115291-1121944135941979389-179880545175884207196204559-2097788799145839653133892163716038492252042396151523357607329397509-2453452914618397691174247129-542507633-1893723573237001573-84175562119492726191070559557-875056377-1763237523-662399435-170798495-12405874171550890051-1938474621-701626601-1246867757-1138873077164155271023310391435811251050668025181338411-7641844471088518205-1570482881-1690731767-954924683-213656821149494003-544272515-9322840891981997411254437701-183054198720365002211448655569-54030518916444117051191350451-900732825-2072105047160877226512403288354302424851213478975-57604286986096457192173124564975571096304687-213425653510984804314132356831371957625714091709-327695077-182546427-372769058150182636433743131293942149315625331-1010625457741185365-81246881-565236593-1937214707-2090999425-1673181289-1110250756450022071917863643-127217577910228760391902441297-31318475-535669437-1151216791170962161121375401911260706331-1873591233-495048743-8876731551362670289-686442615-6752584831233249861-3467630691547253127-345092207-908370541-1788351797644350365-67770933-4703179231930520693138257968522450375-1171662023-5791753311816936409-1745781765-922801857281665531707439257928142703-367587763829971705455779401438501763-1398546079-606883161-924403277-1617582925-2005411841279115903
1159641073884270587-148914555-876348695-140903655914152858511750740619-504526839109631208315104321891746743931-228808979-1303586499-19431155411964999751-1784318475-954798177-1812907183-831342707-3149322476028964551802022597-269963287-6384200011467670385844411707877038035412670417-1119826115558346219-959513147646693111435818855-32626587-18184494797054550038966016212145089137523302939171183465807867207-5294746515903446057333959811216956465-11772186456902770294071039871896527261-126190055310658640239029635411410052621945318513-1099749933-2044334159884087065-1705740759-1313321287-1408007761-12659778231544522691472523171153203782987609706919936632357801287155512488271333115291-1121944135941979389-179880545175884207196204559-2097788799145839653133892163716038492252042396151523357607329397509-2453452914618397691174247129-542507633-1893723573237001573-84175562119492726191070559557-875056377-1763237523-662399435-170798495-12405874171550890051-1938474621-701626601-1246867757-1138873077164155271023310391435811251050668025181338411-7641844471088518205-1570482881-1690731767-954924683-213656821149494003-544272515-9322840891981997411254437701-183054198720365002211448655569-54030518916444117051191350451-900732825-2072105047160877226512403288354302424851213478975-57604286986096457192173124564975571096304687-213425653510984804314132356831371957625714091709-327695077-182546427-372769058150182636433743131293942149315625331-1010625457741185365-81246881-565236593-1937214707-2090999425-1673181289-1110250756450022071917863643-127217577910228760391902441297-31318475-535669437-1151216791170962161121375401911260706331-1873591233-495048743-8876731551362670289-686442615-6752584831233249861-3467630691547253127-345092207-908370541-1788351797644350365-67770933-4703179231930520693138257968522450375-1171662023-5791753311816936409-1745781765-922801857281665531707439257928142703-367587763829971705455779401438501763-1398546079-606883161-924403277-1617582925-2005411841279115903

2. 注意事項

上面這個運作的還挺好，但在接入使用時，總是提示java.util.zip.DataFormatException: incorrect header check, 因為接受的是第三方傳遞過來的壓縮數據，比較坑爹的是對方就寫了個Deflater壓縮，然後什麼都沒有了，那麼這個是啥原因呢？

其實看下Deflater的構造方法，發現還可以傳一個boolean值(nowrap), 官方說明是

/**
* Creates a new compressor using the specified compression level.
* If "nowrap" is true then the ZLIB header and checksum fields will
* not be used in order to support the compression format used in
* both GZIP and PKZIP.
* @param level the compression level (0-9)
* @param nowrap if true then use GZIP compatible compression
*/
public Deflater(int level, boolean nowrap) {
this.level = level;
this.strategy = DEFAULT_STRATEGY;
this.zsRef = new ZStreamRef(init(level, DEFAULT_STRATEGY, nowrap));
}

簡單來說，就是壓縮時，如果nowrap為true，那麼解壓時也要為true；否則對不上時，就會拋異常

接下來簡單對比下兩種不同傳參的情況，首先更新下工具類

public static String uncompress(byte[] input, boolean nowrap) throws IOException {
Inflater inflater = new Inflater(nowrap);
inflater.setInput(input);
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(input.length);
try {
byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
while (!inflater.finished()) {
int count = inflater.inflate(buff);
baos.write(buff, 0, count);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
baos.close();
}
inflater.end();
byte[] output = baos.toByteArray();
return new String(output);
}
public static byte[] compress(byte[] data, boolean nowrap) throws IOException {
byte[] output;
Deflater compress = new Deflater(Deflater.DEFAULT_COMPRESSION, nowrap);
compress.reset();
compress.setInput(data);
compress.finish();
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(data.length);
try {
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
while (!compress.finished()) {
int i = compress.deflate(buf);
bos.write(buf, 0, i);
}
output = bos.toByteArray();
} catch (Exception e) {
output = data;
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
bos.close();
}
compress.end();
return output;
}

測試如下

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
builder.append("a" + (new Random().nextInt() * 26));
}
String text = builder.toString();
byte[] compres = compress(text.getBytes(), true);
System.out.println(compres.length + " : " + text.getBytes().length);
String res = uncompress(compres, true);
System.out.println(res.equals(text));
byte[] compres2 = compress(text.getBytes(), false);
System.out.println(compres2.length + " : " + text.getBytes().length);
String res2 = uncompress(compres2, false);
System.out.println(res2.equals(text));
}

輸出結果如下，從大小來看，前者小那麼一點點

5086 : 9985
true
5092 : 9985
true

3. 小結

一般來說，jdk自帶的壓縮與解壓，除了方便之外，可能優勢並不是那麼的大，這裡盜一張網上的對比表格

以下來自: [java]序列化框架性能對比（kryo、hessian、java、protostuff）

優點缺點kryo速度快，序列化後體積小跨語言支持較複雜hessian默認支持跨語言較慢protostuff速度快，基於protobuf需靜態編譯Protostuff-Runtime無需靜態編譯，但序列化前需預先傳入schema不支持無默認構造函數的類，反序列化時需用戶自己初始化序列化後的對象，其只負責將該對象進行賦值jdk使用方便，可序列化所有類速度慢，占空間

其次，在使用java的壓縮與解壓時，需要注意下，nowrap這個參數，需要保持一致，否則會報錯

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