CAR T細胞治療火熱，其靶向生物標誌物的研究呈指數級增

論文標題：The expansion of targetable biomarkers for CAR T cell therapy

作者：Michelle H. Townsend, Gajendra Shrestha, Richard A. Robison and Kim L. O』Neill

數字識別碼：10.1186/s13046-018-0817-0

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research於7月發表了一篇綜述：The expansion of targetable biomarkers for CAR T cell therapy。作者討論了目前研究較多的CAR T靶向生物標誌物，並著重指出一些未來將有望成為治療靶點的生物標誌物。

生物標誌物可用於腫瘤風險評估、篩查、鑒別診斷、預後判斷、療效預測以及疾病進展的監測，是腫瘤治療不可或缺的一部分。最近，隨著嵌合抗原受體（CAR）T細胞療法的出現，人們發現了一類新的靶向生物標誌物。這些生物標誌物多在腫瘤細胞表面，可作為細胞毒性T細胞的靶點。

圖1 癌症生物標誌物的應用圖源：Kim L. O』Neill 等

首個用於CAR T細胞治療的靶向生物標誌物為CD19，這是一種在惡性B細胞上高度表達的B細胞標誌物。隨著CD19的成功發現，在過去的十年中，又在一系列人類惡性腫瘤中發現了大量新的靶向生物標誌物。

圖2：目前在臨床試驗中用到的CAR T細胞

它們的出現使得人們開展定向的、特定的治療成為可能，從而減少了對健康組織的破壞，並儘可能在治療期間保護了患者的免疫系統。

圖3：截至2018年5月在臨床實驗中用到的生物標誌物種類劇增、數量呈指數增長

截至2018年5月，共有100多項臨床試驗正在進行，涉及的表面生物標誌物超過25種，研究幾乎涵蓋了人體的每種組織。大量臨床試驗的開展不僅在患者臨床結局方面帶來了可喜的結果，同時也使得探索可用於CAR T治療的新型生物標誌物的研究數量呈現指數級增長。

摘要：Biomarkers are an integral part of cancer management due to their use in risk assessment, screening, differential diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response to treatment, and monitoring progress of disease. Recently, with the advent of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, a new category of targetable biomarkers has emerged. These biomarkers are associated with the surface of malignant cells and serve as targets for directing cytotoxic T cells. The first biomarker target used for CAR T cell therapy was CD19, a B cell marker expressed highly on malignant B cells. With the success of CD19, the last decade has shown an explosion of new targetable biomarkers on a range of human malignancies. These surface targets have made it possible to provide directed, specific therapy that reduces healthy tissue destruction and preserves the patient』s immune system during treatment. As of May 2018, there are over 100 clinical trials underway that target over 25 different surface biomarkers in almost every human tissue. This expansion has led to not only promising results in terms of patient outcome, but has also led to an exponential growth in the investigation of new biomarkers that could potentially be utilized in CAR T cell therapy for treating patients. In this review, we discuss the biomarkers currently under investigation and point out several promising biomarkers in the preclinical stage of development that may be useful as targets.

期刊介紹：Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research(https://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/) is an online peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research papers, reviews and commentaries in cancer research, from bench to bedside.

2017 Journal Metrics

Citation Impact

6.217 - 2-year Impact Factor

5.280 - 5-year Impact Factor

1.350 - Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP)

2.000 - SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)

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