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保羅·高更
Paul Gauguin
與梵谷、塞尚並稱後印象派三大巨匠
各自走上自己獨立的人生和藝術道路
他把繪畫的本質看作是
某種獨立於自然之外的東西
當成記憶中經驗的一種創造
英國作家毛姆曾以高更的經歷為藍本
寫過一部著名小說《月亮和六便士》
讓高更
出眾的才華與過人的勇氣
得到世人關注
1848
6月7日，
出生於巴黎
1873
與丹麥籍女子梅特蘇菲·嘉絲結婚
熟練的工作處事經驗
使高更在此時已成為證券經紀公司交易的專家
The Forest Path
1874
8月，長男艾彌爾出生
經常參觀巴黎的畫廊與展覽會
在杜朗·里埃及貝爾·坦基的畫廊
開始購藏印象派畫家的作品
源於直覺的一類美和經過模仿的另一類美。
兩者的結合，加上必要的修飾，
就能產生一種偉大而又非常複雜的多樣性
Portrait of Claude Antoine Charles Favre
Portrait of Ingeborg Thaulow
1878
夏日休暇時同畢沙羅一起
到龐達凡度假作畫
Apple-Trees in Blossom
Geese on the farm
Riverside (Breton landscape)
Snow at Vaugirard
The market gardens of Vaugirard
Vaugirard church
Winter Landscape
1880
以油畫7件、大理石胸像1件
參加第五屆印象派畫展
Clay jug and irin mug
Flowers and carpet (Pansies)
Houses at Vaugirard
Mandolin on a chair
Still life with fruit plate
1881
以油畫8件
參加第六屆印象派畫展
Banks of the Oise
Corner of the garden rue Carsal
Flowers and carpet
Interior of the Painter』s House, rue Carcel
4月，三男詹爾奈出生
Party wall
Pissarro』s Garden, Pontoise
Pond with Ducks (Girl Amusing Herself)
夏天與畢沙羅、塞尚
在龐達凡度過
River bank in winter
Still life with Oranges
Still life. Vase with flowers on the window
年底，決定專心作畫
The Queen』s Mill
Young Girl Dreaming (Study of a Child Asleep)
Bouquet of Sunflowers
1882
以12件油畫與粉彩畫
1件胸像雕刻
參加第七屆印象派畫展
At the Window
Aube the Sculptor and His Son
Blue Barge
Bouquet of flowers
Flowers and Japanese book
Gratte roosters path
Mountain landscape
Quarries at Pontoise
1883
1月
在自己繪畫天賦召喚之下
辭去股票經紀公司的工作
投身繪畫創作，每天作畫
曾團結一批未成熟的青年
畫家組成蓬塔旺畫派
Aline Gauguin and one of her brothers
Double portrait of a young girl (Mademoiselle Lafuite)
Farm in Osny
Garden In Rue Carcel
Harbour Scene, Dieppe
Ingeborg Thaulow
12 月
羅倫（波拉）出生
準備移居巴黎郊外的浮翁
Mandolina and Flowers
Osny, rue de Pontoise, Winter
Quarry hole in the cliff
‥
高更的早期繪畫，帶有實驗性，也很拘謹，令人聯
想起在巴比松畫派（Barbizon School）影向下畢沙
羅的作品。色彩略見後來發展的跡象，但仍很拘謹。
他把顏色做塊面處理，自由地加重色澤的明亮感：
例如以鮮亮的藍色畫陰影，以紅色畫屋頂，而使之
自背景中突出。
‥
Stream in Osny
Street in Osny
The farm in Grue
The garden in winter, rue Carcel
Tomatoes and a pewter tankard on a table
Village street, Osny
1884
1月
與妻子和五個兒女
一起移居浮翁
A Henhouse
Abandoned garden in Rouen
An Orchard under the Church of Bihorel
Basket of flowers
Blue roofs of Rouen
Bouquet
Bust of a Nude Girl
Clovis Gauguin asleep
Hillside
Landscape near Onsy
年底移居丹麥哥本哈根
兼任法國商社代理人
Mette Gauguin in an Evening Dress
Nasturtiums & dahlias in a basket
Near Rouen
Normandy Landscape-Cow in a Meadow
Notre Dame des Agnes
Orchard under the Church of Bihorel (Children in the Pasture)
Osny, the gate of Busagny farm
Portrait of a seated man
Portrait of Aline
Portrait of Isidore Gauguin
Returning from the harvest (Manuring)
Rouen at spring
Rouen suburb
Rue Jouvenet, Rouen
Skaters in Fredericksberg park
Street in Rouen
Sunken Lane
The artist』s children
The cliffs of Le-Bouille
The Port Of Rouen
The road up
The Square Pong
Two Cows in the Meadow
Vase of Peonies
Wooded Path
Young Woman Lying in a Grass
Bare Trees
Bathing, Dieppe
Boy by the Water
By the Stream, Autumn
Cattle Drinking
Cliff near Dieppe
Conversation
Dahlias in a copper vase
Donkey by Lane
Evening Primroses in the Vase
與家庭斷絕關係
過著孤獨的生活
面臨經濟窮困狀態
持續作畫
Flower and a Bird
Geese in the meadow
Haymaking near Dieppe
Horse and Cow in a Meadow
Landscape with cows in an Orchard
Lilac bouquet
Oestervold Park, Copenhagen
Pere Jean』s Path
Portrait of Achille Granchi Taylor
‥
並通過畢沙羅捲入了印象主義的天地。受到印象派
朋友的影響開始作畫，還受到象徵主義，日本版畫
以及而聽文學等多種因素的影響。高更總是嚮往著
遠方，留戀那些具有異國情調的地方，他要求拋棄
現代文明以及古典文化的阻礙，回到更簡單、更基
本的原始生活方式中去，他很願意過野人的生活，
這使他在39歲時踏上了去巴拿馬和馬提尼島的旅行
在那裡找到了自己期望的東西：茂密的植物、永遠
蔚藍的天空、慷慨的大自然、簡樸的生活。
‥
Portrait of Philibert Favre
Red roof by the water
Self Portrait
Stabble near Dieppe
Still Life of Onions and Pigeons and Room Interior in Copenhagen
Still Life with a Mandolin
Still life with carafe and ceramic figure
The Forest Edge
Two vases of flowers and a fan
Watering Place
White House
Willows
Winter』s End
Women bathing (Dieppe)
1886
19件油畫參加
第八屆印象派畫展
（最後一屆）
Bathing in Front of the Port of Pont-Aven
Bathing Place
Bordeaux Harbour
Breton Woman
Clovis
6月
首次到布爾塔紐
滯留在龐達凡
會見艾彌爾·貝納
Coastal Landscape
Cows on the Seashore
Farm in Brittany
Fire by the Water
Four Breton Women
11月
回到巴黎見到梵高
Fruit in a Bowl
Fruit
Landscape at Pont-Aven
Lollichon Field
Lollichon』s Field and the Church of Pont-Aven
12月
生病，住過巴黎的醫院
Pont-Aven woman and child
Pots and Boquets
Red Hat
Rocks and Sea
Schooner and three masters
Stabble near Dieppe
Still Life with Cherries
Still life with horse』s head
Still Life with Profile of Laval
Still life with white bowl
Suburb under snow
La Belle Angele
The boss』s daughter
The vase of nasturtiums
Vase of Flowers
A Litter Washerman
A Seashore
Around the Huts
At the Pond
Coastal Landscape from Martinique
4月
妻子來到巴黎
帶走克羅維斯
Huts under Trees
Madame Alexandre Kohler
4月10日
乘船到巴拿馬
到馬蒂尼克島罹患赤痢
11月回到巴黎
Mango pickers (Martinique)
Martinique Landscape
他與印象派決裂
提出藝術表現的「綜合」
Still life with mangoes and hibiscus
Tropical Conversation
Tropical Landscape, Martinique
Two Girls Bathing
1888
從2月到10月
兩度赴龐達凡
與貝納、拉瓦爾一起作畫
走向綜合主義
Breton Woman and Goose by the Water
A little cat
Apples in bowl
Aven running through Pont-Aven
Blue Trees
Bouquet of Flowers with a Window Open to the Sea (Reverse of Hay-Making in Brittany)
他前往不列塔尼的阿凡橋
結識了貝納（Bernard）
貝納的一些觀念受到高更修正和潤飾
而形成今日為人所知的
「綜合主義」（synthetism）
運動
的理論基礎
Breton Boy by the Aven River
Breton Boys Wrestling
Breton Fisherman
Breton girls dancing
Breton Woman with a Pitcher
Breton Women at the Turn
Captain Jacob
Cottages on Mount Sainte Marguerite
Cove opposite Pont-Aven Harbor
étude pour La Ronde des petites Bretonnes
Fisherman and bathers on the Aven
簡化了巨大形狀
均勻單一的色彩
分割主義，無陰影的光
素描與顏色的抽象化，超脫自然
這就是高更所發現和創立的藝術
Fruits
Grape Harvest at Arles
Haymaking in Brittany
Head of a Breton (Marie Louarn)
In the Heat (The Pigs)
Kneeling cow
Landscape at Arles
但是他的這種幻想和藝術
在自己國家處處走投無路
Landscape near Arles
Landscape of Brittany
Landscape with geese
Lane at alchamps, Arles
10月20日
赴法國南部的阿爾
與梵高共同生活
Laveuses à Arles
Les Alyscamps
Little breton bather
Madame Roulin
11月
在梵高弟弟迪奧的籌辦下
舉行首次個人展覽
Mas, near Arles
Meadow at the banks of Aven
12月24日夜
發生梵高割耳事件之後
高更回到巴黎
Night Cafe, Arles
Self-Portrait with Portrait of Gauguin, Emile Bernard
?
正好40歲精力充沛而有主見，保留著尊貴高傲之氣
他是位具有強烈個性、惹人討厭又招人喜歡的人，
粗魯和高雅並存，他總是強烈要求自我表達，要證
明自己的價值。
?
Still-Life with Three Puppies
The Painter of Sunflowers (Portrait of Vincent van Gogh)
The Wave
the swineherd brittany
The Vision After The Sermon (Jacob Wrestling With The Angel)
Washerwomen At Roubine Du Roi
Self-portrait with Halo
At the Beach
At the Black Rocks
Beach at Le Pouldu
Bonjour Monsieur Gauguin
Breton Eve
Breton Women
Human Misery, from the Volpini Suite
In the waves (Odine)
Jeune Bretonne au bord de la mer
Pleasures of Brittany
Portrait of Meijer de Haan by Lamplight
4月至秋天
在龐達凡作畫
The Yellow Christ
Seated Breton Girl
Self Portrait as 「Christ on the Mount of Olives」
The Flageolet Player On The Cliff
The Green Christ or The Calvary
The Ham
The milkmaid
Madame la Mort
Meules de foin en Bretagne
Nirvana (also known as Portrait of Meyer de Hasn)
Portraits of Paul and Jean Schuffenecker
Landscape with Black Pigs and a Crouching Tahitian
atelier schuffenecker
Faaturuma (Mélancolie)
Orana Maria
portrait of suzanne bambridge
Road in Tahiti
Tahitian Women on the Beach
Te vahine fa"atūruma (La Boudeuse)
The Loss of Virginity (The Awakening of Spring)
The Man with an Axe
Tiare Farani (Flowers of France)
Vahine no te tiare (Woman with a Flower)
Young Man with a Flower Behind His Ear
The Sacred Mountain (Parahi Te Marae)
Are You Jealous？ (Aha Oe Feii)
Joyeusete
la siesta
Landscape with Blue Trees
Landscape with Peacocks
生命的熱情何在
高更的塔西提手記
Mata mua - In Olden Times
Nafea Faa Ipoipo (When Will You Marry？)
Parau na te Varua ino (Words of the Devil)
Tahitian women under the palms
Te aa no Areois (The seed of the Areoi)
The morning
Woman with a Mango
持芒果的少女
sprit of the dead
遊魂
Women at the Riverside
1893
2月至4月
視力衰弱無法作畫
Gauguin, Mucha, & friends at Rue de la Grande Chaumière, Paris
5月回到法國
Among The Lillies
Illustration in the Noa-Noa Album, Tahiti
MoMA
Noa Noa Suite-Delightful Land
8月
在奧勒安的叔父去世
高更接受其遺產
在巴黎畫室與女子安娜同居
Portrait of Louis Roy
Self Portrait with Palette
Self Portrait
Self-Portrait in a Hat
Tahitian mountains
Tahitian Pastorals
Te Atua (The Gods)
Tehamana Has Many Parents (The Ancestors Of Tehamana)
Breton Peasant Women (『Paysannes bretonnes』)
Christmas Night (The Blessing of the Oxen)
Farm In Brittany
Flowers In A Fruit Bowl
Landscape in Brittany - The David Mill
Lying Girl Afraid of Spirits of the Dead
11月回到巴黎
作一系列十大張
與《諾亞·諾亞》有關的木刻畫
Mahana no Atua (Day of the Gods, Jour de Dieu)
Paris in the Snow
Sacred Spring
The Guitar Player
Upaupa Schneklud (The Player Schneklud)
The Child
Canoe and Tahitian Family
No te aha oe Riri
Portrait Of A Young Woman, Vaite (Jeanne) Goupil
Savage Poems
scene from tahitian life
Self Portrait (Place of the Skull)
self portrait
Still Life With Teapot And Fruits
Te tamari no atua (The birth of a Christ)
Trois Tahitiennes, Paul Gauguin
Vase Of Flowers
1897
得知女兒阿莉妮去世的消息
深為悲痛與絕望
Where Do We Come From？ What Are We？ Where Are We Going？
Nevermore (O Taiti)
Bathers at Tahiti
1898
The White Horse
Two Tahitian Women
Three Tahitian Women Against a Yellow Background
three tahitians
woman_boy
Tahitian Woman with Evil Spirit
And the Gold of Their Bodies
Flight
Still Life With L"Esperance
Still life with sunflowers on armchair
tahitian idyll
Tahitian Woman And Two Children
Two Women aka Mother and Daughter
Crouching Tahitian Woman
Girl With A Fan
Nativité
島上發生紛爭
Still life with Parrots
The Magician of Hivaoa
Two women(a.k.a Flowered hair)
1903
5月8日
心臟病發作死去
巴黎伏拉德畫廊舉辦高更畫展
巴黎秋季沙龍舉行高更追悼會
保羅·高更（Paul Gauguin，1848—1903）法國後印象派畫家、雕塑家，與梵高、塞尚並稱為後印象派三大巨匠，對現當代繪畫的發展有著非常深遠的影響。
高更生於法國巴黎，他把繪畫的本質看作是某種獨立於自然之外的東西，當成記憶中經驗的一種創造，而不是一般所認為的那種通過反覆寫生而直接獲得的知覺經驗中的東西。和大多數同時代的藝術家相比，他的探索在更大程度上受到原始藝術的影響，特別是他對南太平洋熱帶島嶼的風土人情極為痴迷，這似乎要從他的家族背景和成長經歷中追根溯源了。
英國作家毛姆曾以高更的經歷為藍本寫過一部著名的小說《月亮和六便士》，其中雖對高更的生平與人格不盡真實，但也正是這部小說讓高更出眾的才華與過人的勇氣得到世人關注，而高更的人生經歷以及他的畫作所體現出的對於現代文明的深刻反思非常具有典型性的。 [1]
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被蔣介石帶走的十幅畫，每幅都代表了一個時代
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一把油紙傘，美醉了整個江南！
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