Nature Review：甲型流感病毒物種特異性的宿主和病毒決定因素

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近日，Naturereview發表題為Hostand viral determinants of influenza A virus species specificity的綜述，甲對型流感病毒物種特異性的宿主和病毒決定因素進行了詳細的論述。小編摘取文章相關圖片與大家分享。

當甲型流感病毒跨越宿主並獲得在新宿主間感染和傳播的能力時，往往就會引起大流行。目前，流感大流行取決於生態和病毒學因素，但其發生的時間是無法預測的。甲型流感病毒的宿主範圍是由病毒與宿主細胞因子之間的種特異性相互作用決定的。這些作用包括結合和進入細胞的能力，在宿主細胞核內複製病毒RNA基因組的能力，逃避宿主限制因素和先天免疫反應的能力，以及在個體之間傳播的能力。在這篇綜述中，我們研究了動物尤其是禽類甲型流感病毒必須突破的宿主屏障以在人類中引發大流行，並描述了病毒如何在跨越物種屏障時發生突變，從而與人類宿主建立新的相互作用。這些知識將進一步服務於對未來大流行進行風險評估，並有助於針對的病毒-宿主相互作用新的干預策略的研發。

圖1流感病毒生態學

圖1宿主唾液酸和血凝素的適應

Host sialic acid presentation and physiology drives haemagglutinin adaptation.

圖3流感病毒|病毒及其宿主特異性複製決定因素。

圖4流感病毒為克服物種限制和引發新的大流行所需的累積適應

ABSTRACT

Influenza A viruses cause pandemics when they cross between species and an antigenically novel virus acquires the ability to infect and transmit between these new hosts. The timing of pandemics is currently unpredictable but depends on ecological and virological factors. The host range of an influenza A virus is determined by species-specific interactions between virus and host cell factors. These include the ability to bind and enter cells, to replicate the viral RNA genome within the host cell nucleus, to evade host restriction factors and innate immune responses and to transmit between individuals. In this Review , we examine the host barriers that influenza A viruses of animals, especially birds, must overcome to initiate a pandemic in humans and describe how , on crossing the species barrier, the virus mutates to establish new interactions with the human host. This knowledge is used to inform risk assessments for future pandemics and to identify virus–host interactions that could be targeted by novel intervention strategies.

本期編輯：Annabella

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