微軟基於F 的 Liqui｜> 量子編程語言

知識 01-01

01 基本信息

微軟提供了一款基於F#(函數式編程語言)的量子編程語言 Liqui|> 。這款量子語言更新較緩慢。沒有單獨的安裝包，發布的二進位文件直接在github上面，可以和demo代碼一同下載。運行依賴vs2017運行時。當然需要安裝.net core和F#。

安裝鏈接：http://stationq.github.io/Liquid/getting-started/

說明文檔：http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/liquid/

github鏈接:https://github.com/StationQ/Liquid

02 下載及運行

:: 安裝vs2017 社區版本，帶.net core 和 F#

:: 在安裝目錄下找到VsDevCmd.bat，運行這個文件開啟命令行，不用設置環境變數即可使用fsi命令

:: 我的安裝目錄是d:installMicrosoft Visual Studio2017Community

:: VsDevCmd.bat目錄關係如下:

d:installMicrosoft Visual Studio2017CommunityCommon7ToolsVsDevCmd.bat

git clone https://github.com/StationQ/Liquid.git

:: 進入預編譯目錄

cd Liquidin

:: 運行demo，__Teleport()是內置函數，內置函數都帶__

D:gitQuantumLiquidin>Liquid.exe __Teleport()

0:0000.0/===================================================================================================

0:0000.0/= The Language-Integrated Quantum Operations (LIQUi|>) Simulator =

0:0000.0/= is made available under license by Microsoft Corporation =

0:0000.0/= License terms may be viewed at https://github.com/StationQ/Liquid/blob/master/LICENSE.md =

0:0000.0/= Please type Y, followed by return, to indicate your acceptance of these terms =

0:0000.0/===================================================================================================

0:0000.8/===================================================================================================

0:0000.8/= Thank you for accepting the license terms =

0:0000.8/===================================================================================================

03 運行一個量子隱形傳態demo

03.01 腳本模式運行

下面是《量子演算法與編程入門》 3.3.2 例3.6 腳本模式的例子

UserScript.fsx

#if INTERACTIVE

#r @"..inLiquid1.dll"

#else

namesapce Microsoft.Research.Liquid

#endif

open System

open Microsoft.Research.Liquid

open Util

open Operations

module Script=

[<LQD>]

let UserScript() =

show "這是用戶自定義的函數 "UserFunction""

let ket = Ket(3)

let qs = ket.Qubits

let qsT = qs.Tail

H qs

let Alice = qs.Head

show "Alice 持有的未知量子態為：%s"(Alice.ToString())

H qsT

CNOT qsT

CNOT qs

H qs

M qsT

BC X qsT

M qs

BC Z !!(qs, 0, 2)

let Bob = qs.Tail.Tail

show "Bob 持有的量子態最終為：%s"(Bob.ToString())

#if INTERACTIVE

Script.UserScript()

#endif

把上面的UserScript.fsx文件放到Liquidin目錄中，如下運行即可。

運行結果如下:

d:gitQuantumLiquidin>fsi UserScript.fsx

0:0000.0/這是用戶自定義的函數 "UserFunction"

0:0000.0/

0:0000.0/===========================================================================================

0:0000.0/= The Language-Integrated Quantum Operations (LIQUi|>) Simulator =

0:0000.0/= If you use LIQUi|> in your research, please follow the guidelines at =

0:0000.0/= https://github.com/StationQ/Liquid for citing LIQUi|> in your publications. =

0:0000.0/===========================================================================================

0:0000.0/

0:0000.0/Alice 持有的未知量子態為： 0.7071|0>+ 0.7071|1>

0:0000.0/Bob 持有的量子態最終為：[ 0.7071|0>+ 0.7071|1>]

03.02 自定義函數方式運行

用vs2017打開D:gitQuantumLiquidsourceLiquid.sln，編輯Main.fs文件，修改如下：

namespace Microsoft.Research.Liquid

//module UserSample =

// open System

// open Util

// open Operations

// //open Native // Support for Native Interop

// //open HamiltonianGates // Extra gates for doing Hamiltonian simulations

// //open Tests // All the built-in tests

// /// <summary>

// /// Performs an arbitrary rotation around X.

// /// </summary>

// /// <param name="theta">Angle to rotate by</param>

// /// <param name="qs">The head qubit of this list is operated on.</param>

// let rotX (theta:float) (qs:Qubits) =

// let gate (theta:float) =

// let nam = "Rx" + theta.ToString("F2")

// new Gate(

// Name = nam,

// Help = sprintf "Rotate in X by: %f" theta,

// Mat = (

// let phi = theta / 2.0

// let c = Math.Cos phi

// let s = Math.Sin phi

// CSMat(2,[0,0,c,0.;0,1,0.,-s;1,0,0.,-s;1,1,c,0.])),

// Draw = "\gate{" + nam + "}"

// )

// (gate theta).Run qs

// [<LQD>]

// let __UserSample() =

// show "This module is a good place to put compiled user code"

// 以下是自定義函數，自定義模塊必須放在man函數的前面([<EntryPoint>]的前面)

// vs2017中重新編譯後，D:gitQuantumLiquidsourceinDebugLiquid.exe

// 運行 Liquid.exe UserTest()

module UserTest =

open System

open Util

open Operations

let ket = Ket(3)

let qs = ket.Qubits

let qsT = qs.Tail

H qs

let Alice = qs.Head

show "Alice 持有的未知量子態為：%s"(Alice.ToString())

H qsT

CNOT qsT

CNOT qs

H qs

M qsT

BC X qsT

M qs

BC Z !!(qs, 0, 2)

let Bob = qs.Tail.Tail

show "Bob 持有的量子態最終為：%s"(Bob.ToString())

[<LQD>]

let UserTest() =

show "This module is a good place to put compiled user code"

module Main =

open App

/// <summary>

/// The main entry point for Liquid.

/// </summary>

[<EntryPoint>]

let Main _ =

RunLiquid ()

編譯後(注意編譯後的生成目錄sourceinDebug)，運行結果如下:

d:gitQuantumLiquidsourceinDebug>Liquid.exe UserTest()

0:0000.0/

0:0000.0/===========================================================================================

0:0000.0/= The Language-Integrated Quantum Operations (LIQUi|>) Simulator =

0:0000.0/= If you use LIQUi|> in your research, please follow the guidelines at =

0:0000.0/= https://github.com/StationQ/Liquid for citing LIQUi|> in your publications. =

0:0000.0/===========================================================================================

0:0000.0/

0:0000.0/Alice 持有的未知量子態為： 0.7071|0>+ 0.7071|1>

0:0000.0/Bob 持有的量子態最終為：[ 0.7071|0>+ 0.7071|1>]

0:0000.0/=============== Logging to: Liquid.log opened ================

0:0000.0/This module is a good place to put compiled user code

0:0000.0/=============== Logging to: Liquid.log closed ================

03.03 生成線路設計圖

修改後的Main.fs文件內容

namespace Microsoft.Research.Liquid

module CircuitDiagram =

open System

open Util

open Operations

let teleport(qs:Qubits) =

let qsT = qs.Tail

LabelL >!<(["src";"\ket{0}";"\ket{0}"],qs)

H qsT

CNOT qsT

H qs

CNOT qsT

H qs.Tail.Tail

CNOT !!(qs, 0, 2)

H qs.Tail.Tail

LabelR "Dest"!!(qs, 2)

[<LQD>]

let CircuitDiagram() =

let ket = Ket(3)

let qs = ket.Qubits

teleport qs

let circ = Circuit.Compile teleport qs

circ.Run qs

circ.Dump()

circ.Fold().RenderHT("teleport")

module Main =

open App

/// <summary>

/// The main entry point for Liquid.

/// </summary>

[<EntryPoint>]

let Main _ =

RunLiquid ()

編譯後運行:Liquid.exe CircuitDiagram()，結果如下：

d:gitQuantumLiquidsourceinDebug>Liquid.exe CircuitDiagram()

0:0000.0/

0:0000.0/===========================================================================================

0:0000.0/= The Language-Integrated Quantum Operations (LIQUi|>) Simulator =

0:0000.0/= If you use LIQUi|> in your research, please follow the guidelines at =

0:0000.0/= https://github.com/StationQ/Liquid for citing LIQUi|> in your publications. =

0:0000.0/===========================================================================================

0:0000.0/

0:0000.0/=============== Logging to: Liquid.log opened ================

0:0000.0/Writing: teleport.htm (split=100.00% scale=100.00%)

0:0000.0/Writing: teleport.tex (split=100.00% scale=100.00%)

0:0000.0/ Doing columns: 0 - 12

0:0000.0/=============== Logging to: Liquid.log closed ================

在d:gitQuantumLiquidsourceinDebug目錄下生成線路圖：

D:gitQuantumLiquidsourceinDebug eleport.htm

D:gitQuantumLiquidsourceinDebug eleport.tex

打開teleport.htm文件內容選下:

微軟基於F 的 Liqui｜> 量子編程語言

04 Liqui|>自帶demo

LiquiddocsLiquid.chm 是類和介面說明文檔。

LiquiddocsLIQUiD.pdf 是Liqui|>的說明文檔。

LiquiddocsTutorial.md 是幾個demo的說明。

LiquidSamples 下面的幾個demo運行模式可以參考 Kraus.cmd裡面的命令。

:: 用VsDevCmd.bat啟動命令行(注意找到自己的vs2017的安裝路徑):

d:installMicrosoft Visual Studio2017CommunityCommon7ToolsVsDevCmd.bat

cd D:gitQuantumLiquidSamples

:: 比如運行如下命令：

d:gitQuantumLiquidSamples>fsi Noise1.fsx

運行結果:

d:gitQuantumLiquidSamples>fsi Noise1.fsx

0:0000.0/

0:0000.0/===========================================================================================

0:0000.0/= The Language-Integrated Quantum Operations (LIQUi|>) Simulator =

0:0000.0/= If you use LIQUi|> in your research, please follow the guidelines at =

0:0000.0/= https://github.com/StationQ/Liquid for citing LIQUi|> in your publications. =

0:0000.0/===========================================================================================

0:0000.0/

0:0000.3/ , 1,1.00e-002, 37, 50,0.74

0:0000.5/ , 1,1.00e-002, 74, 98,0.76

0:0000.8/ , 1,1.00e-002, 116, 146,0.79

0:0001.0/ , 1,1.00e-002, 151, 192,0.79

0:0001.3/ , 1,1.00e-002, 181, 229,0.79

0:0001.5/ , 1,1.00e-002, 215, 274,0.78

0:0001.8/ , 1,1.00e-002, 253, 319,0.79

0:0002.0/ , 1,1.00e-002, 288, 365,0.79

0:0002.3/ , 1,1.00e-002, 324, 413,0.78

0:0002.5/ , 1,1.00e-002, 356, 462,0.77

0:0002.7/FINAL, 1,1.00e-002, 386, 500,0.77

0:0002.7/

0:0002.7/HIST, #, prob,gate, ec,good, all,frac

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 0, 0, 81, 81,1.00

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 0, 1, 127, 147,0.86

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 0, 2, 83, 119,0.70

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 0, 3, 43, 73,0.59

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 0, 4, 18, 27,0.67

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 0, 5, 6, 8,0.75

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 0, 6, 1, 3,0.33

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 1, 0, 7, 7,1.00

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 1, 1, 9, 12,0.75

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 1, 2, 6, 9,0.67

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 1, 3, 2, 8,0.25

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 1, 4, 1, 4,0.25

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 1, 5, 1, 1,1.00

0:0002.7/HIST, 1,1.00e-002, 1, 6, 1, 1,1.00

運行fsi Teleport.fsx結果如下，並在當前目錄下生成幾個線路圖

d:gitQuantumLiquidSamples>fsi Teleport.fsx

0:0000.0/============ TELEPORT =============

0:0000.0/

0:0000.0/===========================================================================================

0:0000.0/= The Language-Integrated Quantum Operations (LIQUi|>) Simulator =

0:0000.0/= If you use LIQUi|> in your research, please follow the guidelines at =

0:0000.0/= https://github.com/StationQ/Liquid for citing LIQUi|> in your publications. =

0:0000.0/===========================================================================================

0:0000.0/

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.6879-0.1311i)|0>+ (-0.6325-0.331i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.6879-0.1311i)|0>+ (-0.6325-0.331i)|1> (bits:10)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.6104+0.1264i)|0>+ (-0.5312-0.5738i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.6104+0.1264i)|0>+ (-0.5312-0.5738i)|1> (bits:11)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.9241-0.3687i)|0>+(-0.09792-0.02151i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.9241-0.3687i)|0>+(-0.09792-0.02151i)|1> (bits:00)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.3004-0.9176i)|0>+ (0.2357-0.1104i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.3004-0.9176i)|0>+ (0.2357-0.1104i)|1> (bits:11)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.5621+0.2278i)|0>+ (0.4888+0.6271i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.5621+0.2278i)|0>+ (0.4888+0.6271i)|1> (bits:10)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.03274+0.7188i)|0>+ (0.2551+0.6459i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.03274+0.7188i)|0>+ (0.2551+0.6459i)|1> (bits:11)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.01858-0.6019i)|0>+ (-0.4498+0.6596i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.01858-0.6019i)|0>+ (-0.4498+0.6596i)|1> (bits:10)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.0005968+0.0668i)|0>+ (-0.9265-0.3703i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.0005968+0.0668i)|0>+ (-0.9265-0.3703i)|1> (bits:10)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.3081-0.3178i)|0>+ (0.6709-0.5949i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.3081-0.3178i)|0>+ (0.6709-0.5949i)|1> (bits:00)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.1882+0.4273i)|0>+ (-0.5706-0.6756i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.1882+0.4273i)|0>+ (-0.5706-0.6756i)|1> (bits:00)

0:0000.0/==================================

0:0000.0/

0:0000.0/============= Rendering Teleport

0:0000.0/Writing: Teleport_CN.tex (split=100.00% scale=100.00%)

0:0000.0/ Doing columns: 0 - 12

0:0000.0/Writing: Teleport_CN.htm (split=100.00% scale=100.00%)

0:0000.0/Writing: Teleport_CF.tex (split=100.00% scale=100.00%)

0:0000.0/ Doing columns: 0 - 11

0:0000.0/Writing: Teleport_CF.htm (split=100.00% scale=100.00%)

0:0000.0/Writing: Teleport_CA.tex (split=100.00% scale=100.00%)

0:0000.0/ Doing columns: 0 - 9

0:0000.0/Writing: Teleport_CA.htm (split=100.00% scale=100.00%)

0:0000.0/Original circuit gates: 8

0:0000.0/ Grown circuit gates: 5

0:0000.0/Writing: Teleport_GF.tex (split=100.00% scale=100.00%)

0:0000.0/ Doing columns: 0 - 6

0:0000.0/Writing: Teleport_GF.htm (split=100.00% scale=100.00%)

0:0000.0/============ TELEPORT =============

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.3184+0.7037i)|0>+ (0.2504+0.5837i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.3184+0.7037i)|0>+ (0.2504+0.5837i)|1> (bits:01)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.6232-0.2237i)|0>+ (0.632+0.4027i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.6232-0.2237i)|0>+ (0.632+0.4027i)|1> (bits:00)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.227-0.03214i)|0>+ (0.7949+0.5618i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.227-0.03214i)|0>+ (0.7949+0.5618i)|1> (bits:10)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.01695-0.3695i)|0>+ (-0.7352+0.568i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.01695-0.3695i)|0>+ (-0.7352+0.568i)|1> (bits:00)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.792-0.4167i)|0>+(-0.09876-0.4351i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.792-0.4167i)|0>+(-0.09876-0.4351i)|1> (bits:11)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.493+0.702i)|0>+ (-0.1212+0.4995i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.493+0.702i)|0>+ (-0.1212+0.4995i)|1> (bits:00)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.3513-0.6676i)|0>+ (-0.4472-0.4805i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.3513-0.6676i)|0>+ (-0.4472-0.4805i)|1> (bits:11)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.01652-0.5942i)|0>+ (-0.6639+0.4538i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.01652-0.5942i)|0>+ (-0.6639+0.4538i)|1> (bits:01)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.09732+0.6044i)|0>+(-0.7876+0.07008i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.09732+0.6044i)|0>+(-0.7876+0.07008i)|1> (bits:10)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.6088+0.442i)|0>+ (0.3904+0.5307i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.6088+0.442i)|0>+ (0.3904+0.5307i)|1> (bits:11)

0:0000.0/==================================

0:0000.0/

0:0000.0/Original circuit gates: 8

0:0000.0/ Grown circuit gates: 5

0:0000.0/Original circuit:

0:0000.0/Grown circuit:

0:0000.0/============ TELEPORT =============

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.9072+0.1581i)|0>+ (-0.2299-0.315i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.9072+0.1581i)|0>+ (-0.2299-0.315i)|1> (bits:01)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.4781+0.2981i)|0>+ (-0.3102+0.7657i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.4781+0.2981i)|0>+ (-0.3102+0.7657i)|1> (bits:11)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.4019-0.5127i)|0>+ (-0.7006+0.2911i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.4019-0.5127i)|0>+ (-0.7006+0.2911i)|1> (bits:01)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.7866-0.57i)|0>+ (0.2367+0.0192i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.7866-0.57i)|0>+ (0.2367+0.0192i)|1> (bits:01)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (0.5124+0.4628i)|0>+ (-0.04466-0.722i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (0.5124+0.4628i)|0>+ (-0.04466-0.722i)|1> (bits:10)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.4578-0.5151i)|0>+(-0.7234+0.04164i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.4578-0.5151i)|0>+(-0.7234+0.04164i)|1> (bits:01)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.3448+0.6162i)|0>+ (-0.1059+0.7002i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.3448+0.6162i)|0>+ (-0.1059+0.7002i)|1> (bits:11)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.6637+0.5566i)|0>+ (-0.3887+0.3139i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.6637+0.5566i)|0>+ (-0.3887+0.3139i)|1> (bits:00)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.84-0.3667i)|0>+ (0.3781-0.1301i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.84-0.3667i)|0>+ (0.3781-0.1301i)|1> (bits:00)

0:0000.0/Initial State: (-0.7456+0.2398i)|0>+ (0.5366+0.314i)|1>

0:0000.0/Final State: (-0.7456+0.2398i)|0>+ (0.5366+0.314i)|1> (bits:11)

0:0000.0/==================================

0:0000.0/

---------------------

作者：longji

原文：https://blog.csdn.net/longji/article/details/85530666

喜歡這篇文章嗎？立刻分享出去讓更多人知道吧！

本站內容充實豐富，博大精深，小編精選每日熱門資訊，隨時更新，點擊「搶先收到最新資訊」瀏覽吧！

請您繼續閱讀更多來自 程序員小新人學習 的精彩文章:

※LeetCode中那些應該背下來的經典代碼
※Python 特殊函數（lambda，map，filter，reduce）

TAG:程序員小新人學習 |