我國科學家首次發現蝙蝠漢坦病毒自然傳播圈

日前，軍事科學院軍事獸醫研究所研究員塗長春領銜的科研團隊與國內相關研究機構合作，發表題為Seroprevalence, cross antigenicity and circulation sphere of bat-borne hantaviruses revealed by serological and antigenic analyses論文，首次發現並確認雲南東部、廣西南部與越南北部交界的一個區域是蝙蝠漢坦病毒的自然傳播圈。這一研究成果於1月22日在線發表在國際微生物權威學術期刊《公共科學圖書館-病原學》（PLOS Pathogens）上。

塗長春團隊自2012年-2016年間，聯合廣西獸醫研究所、南部戰區疾病預防控制中心和福建農林大學等單位，對我國雲南、廣西、廣東、福建等省份的蝙蝠所攜帶的漢坦病毒，進行了全面的分子流行病學調查及其血清學和抗原性研究，發現並確認這一傳播圈裡的蝙蝠漢坦病毒具有廣泛的遺傳多樣性。經反覆核實，研究團隊還首次證明了蝙蝠漢坦病毒與感染人的漢坦病毒存在明顯的抗原交叉特性，提示蝙蝠漢坦病毒可能是人類潛在的新發病原體。有關學者認為，這項成果不僅豐富了科學界對蝙蝠漢坦病毒的認識，而且對進一步認識這些新病毒的公共衛生意義具有重要的學術價值。

塗長春解釋，漢坦病毒是重要的人獸共患病病原，能感染人並引起腎綜合症出血熱和漢坦病毒心肺綜合症。我國一直是腎綜合症出血熱流行比較嚴重的國家，每年發病人數超過萬人。科學界已知，老鼠等嚙齒動物是公認的漢坦病毒自然宿主和人感染髮病的重要傳播來源，但近年來，研究人員從歐亞大陸多個國家的多種蝙蝠體內，也檢測到不同種類的漢坦病毒。它們在自然界的傳播特點及其對人類健康的威脅亟待了解清楚，為此其團隊正在努力揭開其面紗。

Abstract

Bats are newly identified reservoirs of hantaviruses (HVs) among which very divergent HVs have been discovered in recent years. However, their significance for public health remains unclear since their seroprevalence as well as antigenic relationship with human-infecting HVs have not been investigated. In the present study archived tissues of 1,419 bats of 22 species from 6 families collected in 5 south and southwest provinces in China were screened by pan-HV RT-PCR following viral metagenomic analysis. As a result nine HVs have been identified in two bat species in two provinces and phylogenetically classified into two species, Laibin virus (LAIV, ICTV approved species, 1 strain) and Xuan son virus (XSV, proposed species, 8 strains). Additionally, 709 serum samples of these bats were also analyzed by ELISA to investigate the seroprevalence and cross-reactivity between different HVs using expressed recombinant nucleocapsid proteins (rNPs) of LAIV, XSV and Seoul virus (SEOV). The cross-reactivity of some bat sera were further confirmed by western blot (WB) using three rNPs followed by fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test (FAVNT) against live SEOV. Results showed that the total HV seropositive rate of bat sera was 18.5% (131/709) with many cross reacting with two or all three rNPs and several able to neutralize SEOV. WB analysis using the three rNPs and their specific hyperimmune sera demonstrated cross-reactivity between XSV/SEOV and LAIV/XSV, but not LAIV/SEOV, indicating that XSV is antigenically closer to human-infecting HVs. In addition a study of the distribution of the viruses identified an area covering the region between Chinese Guangxi and North Vietnam, in which XSV and LAIV circulate within different bat colonies with a high seroprevalence. A circulation sphere of bat-borne HVs has therefore been proposed.

來源：科學網

本期編輯：Tony

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