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數據告訴你,上名校是否真有那麼重要!

臨近3月底,相信很多申請美國學校的童鞋們已經陸續收到了錄取通知書。不知各位小可愛有沒有申請到自己心儀的學校?

說起美國大學,最近爆出的美國歷史上最大規模高校招生舞弊案仍在發酵。美國司法部曝光的這起高校招生醜聞,涉案的高校包括了耶魯大學、斯坦福大學、南加州大學、加州大學洛杉磯分校等知名學府。

於是,美國媒體就拋出了這麼一個問題:

你上哪個大學真有那麼重要嗎?(Via CNN)

而NBC News則引用研究數據分析,名校光環、名校教育、學生素質,哪個才是名校畢業生取得成功的決定性因素。

(Via NBC News)

文章指出,要回答這個問題相當複雜。而且,有錢家長花重金將子女送入名校,不僅僅為了名校的優質教育,還可能是為了在簡歷上填上名校的名字

Students from the University of Southern California, where Lori Loughlin, best known as Aunt Becky from "Full House," and fashion designer Mossimo Giannulli, sent their two daughters, can look forward to a starting salary of $62,000.

以飾演經典喜劇《歡樂滿屋》中Becky姨媽一角而出名的女演員洛莉·路格林(Lori Loughlin)和她的設計師丈夫莫斯莫·吉安納里(Mossimo Giannulli),以行賄手段,將兩個女兒送入南加州大學。這所學校畢業生的起薪是62000美元。

And while graduates of Yale have an average starting salary of $68,300 — twice as much as the $32,000 average salary for graduates from Mississippi Valley State University — attending an elite college isn』t just about hoping to make a few thousand dollars.There』s a prestige that comes with adding an elite school name to a resume.And it』s something that some of the world』s most influential people have in common.

而耶魯大學的畢業生,平均起薪為68300美元,是密西西比河谷州立大學畢業生平均起薪32000美元的兩倍。進入一所名校不僅在於有望多掙幾千美元。在簡歷上填上一所精英學校的名字還帶來聲望。世上許多舉足輕重的大人物基本都擁有名校光環。

Does it even matter where you go to college? Here"s what the data says.(via NBC News)

(via NBC News)

此外,據阿肯色大學助理教授Jonathan Wai去年發表的一篇論文,《福布斯》雜誌全球最具權力人物年度排行榜上,超過50%的女性和超過80%的男性都在精英學校接受過教育。達沃斯世界經濟論壇上,90%的專家學者上的是精英學校,同時,參加達沃斯經濟年會40%的公司首席執行官們,也就讀的是精英學校。在《福布斯》億萬富豪排行榜上,超過40%上的是精英學校。

不過,Jonathan Wai教授也指出,這些精英人士能進入名校是靠較高的入學考試成績。

「I think it』s important to remember that where someone gets into school is in part a function of how well they scored on the SAT or ACT, assuming they are not admitted via legacy or athletic status where they have lower than typical test scores, and they did not cheat on the test. And studies have shown that the SAT and ACT predict success well after graduation,」 Wai told NBC News.

「我認為重要的是要記住,當一個人進入一所學校,在某種程度上取決於他們在SAT或ACT考試中的成績,假設他們不是通過「世襲錄取」(名校給校友子女的錄取優待)或體育特長錄取(錄取分數通常低於標準的錄取分數),而且他們也沒有在考試中作弊。而研究顯示,SAT和ACT考試成績在預測畢業後的成功方面是比較準的。

Does it even matter where you go to college? Here"s what the data says.(via NBC News)

不過,華盛頓郵報的一篇文章曾指出,學生的大學經歷對他們的影響,要用長遠的眼光來看。

In most cases, as readers pointed out, students mostly make the college experience what it turns out to be in the long run of life. There are plenty of failures at Harvard just as there are plenty of successes at Shenandoah University.

大部分情況下,正如讀者指出的,學生的大學經歷,要在長期的生活中才能檢驗出它的效果。哈佛大學畢業生的失敗案例和雪蘭多大學的成功案例一樣多。

When it does matter where you go to college(via The Washington Post)

而此前有美媒的報道則認為,什麼大學接受教育並不重要。

(Via Time)

This month, high school seniors across America are receiving college decision letters of acceptance and rejection. Many of these students, and their parents, think that where they go to college will significantly affect their employment future.

這個月,全美高中畢業生都收到了大學錄取或不錄取的通知書。大部分學生和他們的家長認為,他們去哪所學校會嚴重影響到他們將來的就業。

They think wrong. Today,whetheryou go to college retains some importance in your employment options. Butwhereyou go to college is of almost no importance. Whether your degree, for example, is from UCLA or from less prestigious Sonoma State matters far less than your academic performance and the skills you can show employers.

但他們想錯了。如今,你是否接受大學教育在你就業的選擇上是存在一定的重要性。但你在哪所學校接受大學教育,幾乎是不重要的。不管你的學位是加州大學洛杉磯分校授予的,還是不怎麼知名的索諾馬州立大學授予的,其重要性,遠遠不及你的學術表現,以及你能向僱主展示的技能來得重要。

It Doesn"t Matter Where You Go to College(via Time)

(Via Time)

對大學選擇的影響的研究,都集中在比較不同大學畢業生的收入。在1999年,經濟學家Alan Krueger和Stacy Berg Dale發表了一份研究報告,比較了精英大學畢業生的收入和普通大學畢業生的收入。後者的研究對象是那些被精英學校錄取,但卻最終因為某些原因去了另外一所普通大學的畢業生。

The economists found that the earnings of the two groups 20 years after graduation differed little or not at all. A larger follow-up study, released in 2011 and covering 19,000 college graduates, reached a similar conclusion: whether you went to Penn or Penn State, Williams College or Miami University of Ohio, job outcomes were unaffected in terms of earnings.

經濟學家們發現,20年後,這兩個群體的收入相差無幾,或根本沒有差別。2011年一項大型研究,隨訪了19000名大學畢業生,得出了一個相似結論:無論你是進的賓夕法尼亞大學還是賓夕法尼亞州立大學,威廉姆斯學院還是邁阿密大學(俄亥俄),從收入來看,工作成果並不受影響。

Earnings are only part of the employment picture. Other measures, like job satisfaction and social value, are more difficult to quantify. In a thoughtful 2004 essay, the writer Gregg Easterbrook interviewed college officials throughout the country to assess these impacts. His conclusion: on a range of measures of job satisfaction, attendance at an elite college had little impact.

收入只是整個就業藍圖的一部分。其他的衡量指標,像工作滿意度,社會價值,更難用量化的標準來衡量。在2004年的一篇文章中,作者Gregg Easterbrook採訪了美國各地大學相關負責人來評估這些影響因素。他的結論是:在一系列工作滿意度的標準中,是否就讀精英大學幾乎沒有影響。

It Doesn"t Matter Where You Go to College(via Time)

在Quora上,也有對這個問題的熱烈討論。

@Michael Staton

Good news! Not at all. Bad news: but yes, sort of. Better news: your future is yours to forge and unleash, no matter where you go to college or even if you go to college.

好消息是,一點沒關係。壞消息是,是的,有那麼點影響。稍好一點的消息是,你的未來由你決定,不管你去哪個大學,甚至不管你是否上過大學。

@Mira Zaslove

Going to a top college can open some doors, but it won"t keep them open. Similarly, not going to a top college can close some doors, but it won"t keep them closed.

去一所頂級學校可以為你打開一些大門,但不能保證那些大門始終敞開。同樣的,沒有去頂級大學可能關上一些門,但不會讓那些們永遠緊閉。

@Karan Sharma

A long time back i had received a great piece of advice.

很久以前,我收到了一個很好的建議。

" In a battle, its not the sharpness of the blade that matters but the skill of the fighter"

「在一場戰役中,重要的不是刀劍有多鋒利,而是戰士的戰鬥力。」

@Haley Chen,

First of all, a big congrats! As a Golden Bear myself, Berkeley is a fantastic place to be that"ll definitely open up a lot of opportunities for you.

首先,要祝賀你,作為加州大學伯克利分校橄欖球隊金熊隊的一員,伯克利真的是個很棒的學校,而且一定能為你帶來很多機遇。

To answer your question, the short answer is what you choose to study matters more than where you went to school in terms of being able to find a job. For example, even though I go to Cal which should be on every Fortune 500 company"s list, availability of job opportunities is not the same for everybody.

要回答你的問題,簡單地說就是,在找工作方面,你選擇的專業比你選擇哪個學校更重要。比如,即使我就讀的是加州伯克利,能排得上每一家世界500強公司招聘列表,工作機會對每個人來說也是不同的。

你覺得上名校有多重要?歡迎留言分享你的觀點!

整合:Du Qiongfang

原文:NBC News, The Washington Post, Time, Quora

圖/題圖:NBC News, Time


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