老外的「綠色」科研校區

設計 04-03

作為Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz擴建項目的一部分，Fiocruz Ceara校區是工業和技術健康中心（ITHH）的關鍵設備，位於福塔雷薩都市區的Eusebio市。

Text description provided by the architects. Being part of the Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz expansion plans, the Fiocruz Ceara Campus is a key equipment of the Industrial and Technological Health Hub (ITHH), located on the municipality of Eusébio in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza.

校區的主要目標是擴大有關的研究實驗室領域和藥品、醫療器械與材料的創新，除了發展面向環境的科學研究之外，以及該地區的流行病學現實和通過研究生課程傳播知識。

The main objective of the Campus is to expand research laboratory areas related to the development and innovation of pharmaceuticals drugs, health equipment and materials, in addition to the development of scientific research directed to the environmental and epidemiological reality of the region and the dissemination of knowledge through post-graduate courses.

該項目佔地面積103,683平方米，建築面積18,550平方米，城市化面積43147平方米，由教務樓，科研實驗樓，基礎設施樓，服務樓，禮堂，服務亭，保安室，露天劇場，自行車架，主廣場及停車場組成。建築在地塊上縱向布置，以最大限度地利用太陽能和自然通風，並組織人流和建築通道。

Located on a plot of 103,683.00 sqm, with 18,550.00sqm of built area and 43,147.00sqm of urbanized area, the project is composed by the Teaching and Management Building, Research and Laboratory Building, Infrastructure Building, Service Building, Auditorium, Services Kiosks, Security Cabins, Amphitheater, Bicycle Rack, Main Square and Parking Lots. The buildings were arranged lengthwise on the plot in order to maximize solar orientation and natural ventilation and also to organize pedestrian flows and building accesses.

該項目和建築工程已獲得巴西環境認證AQUA-HQE（高環境質量），由Fundacao Vanzolini授予，並定義為旨在提高新建築環境質量的項目管理流程。 Fiocruz Ceara校區是巴西首批獲得此認證的機構綜合體之一，並進行了多次能源模擬以獲得最終結果。

The project and the construction works have received the Brazilian environmental certification AQUA-HQE (High Environmental Quality), granted by the Funda??o Vanzolini and defined as a project management process that aims for environmental quality on new constructions. The Fiocruz Ceara Campus is one of the first institutional complexes to receive this certification in Brazil and several energy simulations were carried out in order to obtain the final results.

教務樓

教務樓旨在舉辦行政和教育活動。它由辦公室，科學區，教室，圖書館，展覽室和技術區組成，分布在四條人行道上。該項目旨在為所有流通區域提供自然採光和通風。

The Teaching and Management Building was designed to host administrative and educational activities. It is composed by offices, scientific areas, classrooms, library, exhibition rooms and technical areas distributed over four pavements. The project aimed to provide natural lighting and ventilation to all circulation areas.

其他可持續發展舉措也是該項目的一部分：具有溫度控制與自動照明系統的房間，設計用於接收太陽能電池的屋頂系統，促進雨水在廁所上的再利用，以及在外立面上應用高性能熱玻璃和遮陽板brise soleils。坡道和電梯確保整個建築的通達性。

Other sustainable initiatives are also part of this project: rooms with temperature control and automated lighting systems, a roof system designed to receive solar cells and to promote the reuse of rainwater on toilets and the application of high-performance thermal glazing and brise soleils on the external facades. Complete accessibility is guaranteed throughout the building by ramps and elevators.

科研樓

科研實驗樓是校園內生物材料處理的主實驗室。有26個生物安全級別不同的實驗室（BL1，BL2和BL3）和一系列配套區域。該建築旨在通過自動壓力系統和門禁系統來確保操縱人員和研究人員的最大安全性。

The Research and Laboratory Building hosts the main laboratories for the manipulation of biological material on Campus. There are 26 laboratories with various biosafety levels (BL1, BL2 and BL3) and a series of supporting areas. The building was designed to guarantee maximum security of the manipulated agents and the researchers through an automated pressure system and an access control system.

內部區域有一個專用於溫度和照明控制的自動化系統，一些實驗室也有空氣凈化系統，提供達標過濾功能，嚴格遵守生物安全法規。通過在流通區域提供自然採光和通風，可以降低總體能源成本。餐廳位於一樓，每班最多可提供600份餐食，其食品操作流程，內部流動，聲學處理和空氣凈化系統均根據當地法規設計。

The internal areas have an automated system dedicated to temperature and lighting control, and a few laboratories also have an air renovation system provided with absolute filtration, strictly following biosafety regulations. By providing natural lighting and ventilation on the circulation areas, it was possible to reduce overall energy costs. Located on the ground floor, the Restaurant can serve up to 600 meals per shift and its food manipulation processes, internal flows, acoustic treatment and air renovation system were designed within local regulations.

禮堂

禮堂旨在舉辦大型會議，它可以獨立於校園內的其他建築發揮作用。該建築設計為一個功能性空間，具有一定程度的隔音效果，可容納300名觀眾。不同層次的訪問和特定的整理保證了完全的可訪問性和符合視聽規則，以及完美的聲音傳播，使得會議的實現不需要電子放大器。

The Auditorium was designed to host large conferences and it can function independently from other buildings on Campus. Designed as a functional space, the building has certain levels of acoustic isolation and a capacity for 300 spectators on a staggered audience. Accesses on different levels and specific finishing guaranteed complete accessibility and conformity to audio-visual regulations, besides perfect sound propagation which enables the realization of conferences without electrical amplifiers.

主廣場

主廣場位於科研和教務樓之間，並設有一個中心軸，引導遊客從主安全艙進入禮堂，通過對角線路徑連接建築和其他小型結構，如服務台、圓形劇場和室內停車場。

景觀設計融合了本地物種和適應性物種，並與自動化灌溉系統相結合，促進了低水耗和綠色區域的易維護。

Located between the Research and the Management buildings, the Main Square has a central axis that directs visitors form the main security cabin to the Auditorium, with diagonal paths that connect buildings and other minor structures such as the service kiosks, the amphitheater and the interior parking lot.

The landscape design incorporated native species and adapted ones and was combined with an automated irrigation system that promotes low water consumption and easy maintenance of the green areas.

服務和配套領域

基礎設施大樓有一個12米高的倉庫，配有溫濕度控制系統，通過自然光擴散（solatube）工作的照明系統，熱聲外牆和屋頂系統。

The Infrastructure Building has a 12-meter-high warehouse with temperature and humidity control systems, a lighting system working via natural light diffusion (solatube), thermo-acoustic fa?ades and roofing system.

服務樓由維修工作室組成，為校園內的主建築和其他配套區域提供服務。

The Service Building is composed by maintenance workshops that serve the main buildings and other support areas on Campus.

綠色基建

「綠色基建」一詞通常用於雨水管理的實踐，模擬自然和生態過程，而不是傳統的工程解決方案，稱為「灰色基建」。綠色基建戰略促進雨水的保留，減少風暴和洪流的影響，保持擴散污染和增加土壤滲透，這有助於地下水的補給。

The term 「green infrastructure」 is usually employed as a reference to practices of rainwater management that mimic natural and ecological processes as opposed to traditional engineering solutions, named 「gray infrastructure」. The green infrastructure strategies promote the retention of rainwater, reducing the effects of storms and torrents, retaining diffuse pollution and increasing soil infiltration, which contributes to the recharge of subterranean waters.

FiocruzCeara校園的方案是基於通過在外部區域鋪設排水道並建造雨水花園，生物沼澤和雨水瀉湖以部分接收收集水域來保留淺表水域。校園內建築的另一個解決方案是建造綠色屋頂以儲存雨水，減少表層徑流並降低對排水系統的需求。

The proposal for the Fiocruz Ceará Campus is based on the retention of superficial waters by applying draining pavements on exterior areas and creating rain gardens, bioswales and a pluvial lagoon to partially receive the collected waters. Another solution applied to some buildings on campus was the construction of green roofs to store rainwater, decreasing the superficial runoff and alleviating the demand on the drainage system.

建築工程管理

作為指導方針，Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz通常僱用一家公司來監督和管理其施工工程。對於FiocruzCeara校園的建設階段，建築設計師是公開競標的贏家。

As a guideline, the Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz usually employs a company to monitor, supervise and manage their construction works. For the construction phase of the Fiocruz Ceará Campus, Architectus was the winner of the public bid.

管理過程包括監測施工階段預先設定的截止日期，滿足成本要求，保證所需的質量和性能標準，確保遵循環境認證指南，並根據規範監督所有項目的執行。在施工階段，設計師在現場聘請了一群來自不同背景的專業人士，並與項目建築師和工程師進行了定期訪問。

The management process consisted of monitoring pre-established deadlines for the construction phase, meeting cost demands, guaranteeing the desired quality and performance standards, making sure that the environmental certification guidelines were being properly followed, and supervising the execution of all projects according to specifications. During the construction phase, Architectus kept on site a group of professionals from diverse backgrounds and organized periodical visits with the project architects and engineers.