心痛!才半年,這個國家就少了1330平方英里的森林
我們只有一個地球。
據紐約時報報道,自2019年1月份巴西總統博索納羅上任以來,巴西亞馬遜地區的森林覆蓋面積減少了1,330平方英里,相比去年的同期減少量增長了39%。
【主要內容】
BRASíLIA — The destruction of the Amazon rain forest inBrazilhas increased rapidly since the nation』s new far-right president took over and his government scaled back efforts to fight illegal logging, ranching and mining.
BRASíLIA——巴西亞馬遜雨林正在被迅速破壞。因為該國新任右翼總統的上任讓巴西政府縮減了打擊非法採伐、開牧場和採礦的行動。
In recent years, the Brazilian government has sharply cut spending on indigenous communities, while lawmakers have pushed for regulatory changes championed by industries seeking unfettered access toparts of the Amazon that have been protected under the nation』s constitution.
近年來,巴西政府大幅削減了對土著社區的補助,而立法者則推動了各行各業所倡導的監管變革。其使這些行業可以不受限制地進入曾經受到國家憲法保護的亞馬遜部分地區。
Since 1978 over 750,000 square kilometers (289,000 square miles) of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed across Brazil, Peru, Columbia, Bolivia, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana and French Guiana.
自1978年以來,巴西,秘魯,哥倫比亞,玻利維亞,委內瑞拉,蘇利南,蓋亞那和法屬蓋亞那的亞馬遜熱帶雨林破壞面積超過750,000了平方公里(289,000平方英里)。
O desmatamento na Amaz?nia Legal brasileira atingiu 920.4 km2 em junho, um aumento de 88% em compara??o com o mesmo mês noano passado. (Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon reached 920.4 km2 in June, an increase of 88% compared to the same month last year.)
2019年6月,巴西亞馬遜地區的森林砍伐面積達到920.4平方公里,與去年同期相比增長了88%。(via The New York Times, Natureza)
我們再來看看觸目驚心的數據吧!
(via Mongabay)
上圖是2001年至2017年亞馬遜地區每年覆蓋樹木的減少量。藍色部分為亞馬遜雨林在巴西的年樹木減少總量。可以見得在2016年的時候,整個亞馬遜雨林的樹木減少量有了飛躍性的增長。
(via Natureza)
上圖是2015年到2019年亞馬遜每月森林被砍伐的面積。在2016年8月,亞馬遜森林被破壞的面積超過了1000平方公里。而就在上個月,其被破壞面積也超過了900平方公里。
那麼,到底是什麼原因讓亞馬遜森林逐步消失呢?
For most of human history, deforestation in the Amazon was primarily the product of subsistence farmers who cut down trees to produce crops for their families and local consumption.
在人類歷史的大部分時間裡,亞馬遜地區的森林砍伐主要源於當地農民。他們砍伐樹木以生產家庭和當地的農作物。
But in the later part of the 20th century, that began to change, with an increasing proportion of deforestation driven by industrial activities and large-scale agriculture. By the 2000s more than three-quarters of forest clearing in the Amazon was for cattle-ranching.
但是在20世紀後期,情況發生了改變。隨著工業活動和大規模農業的推動,森林砍伐比例不斷增加。到了2000年,亞馬遜地區超過四分之三的森林砍伐是用於養牛。
(via Meridith Kohut for The New York Times)
The result of this shift is forests in the Amazon were cleared faster than ever before in the late 1970s through the mid 2000s. Vast areas of rainforest were felled for cattle pasture and soy farms, drowned for dams, dug up for minerals, and bulldozed for towns and colonization projects.
這種轉變帶來的結果是在20世紀70年代末到21世紀中期,亞馬遜森林的消失速度比以往任何時候都要快。大量的熱帶雨林被砍伐以用於牧場和大豆農場,建造水壩,挖掘礦物質。它們也被用於建設城鎮和殖民地。
At the same time, the proliferation of roads opened previously inaccessible forests to settlement by poor farmers, illegal logging, and land speculators.
與此同時,道路的修建和完善也使以前無人問津的森林被貧困的農民、非法採伐者和土地投機分子所光顧。
(via The New York Times)
看完了本篇內容,你對於亞馬遜雨林的破壞有什麼看法呢?
文:Yun
參考:The New York Times, Natureza, Mongabay, 網路等


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