家用4層小樓

最新 06-08

在2014年規劃房屋設計時最重要的問題就是像「容積率：限制激發創意」」一樣，這是2016年威尼斯雙年展中韓國館的主題。這片土地是二級一般住宅區，所以建築師可以建造一座佔地面積比例達到60％的建築和佔地面積比例達200％的建築。設計一座具有60％建築與土地比例的三層建築，並設計四層建築與土地之間的20％。然而，土地面積（142平方米）卻如此之小，20％的面積只有28.4平方米。找到替代品尋找最大佔地面積的比例是重要的，以滿足建築業主所需要的，而不會有任何損失。

From the architect. The most important issue when planning the design of the house in 2014 was like "FAR Game: Constraints Sparking Creativity" ,which was the theme of the Korean Pavilion in the Venice Biennial, 2016. This land is a class 2 general residential area, so an architect can build a building with a 60% the building to-land ratio and a 200% floor area ratio. It is common to design a three-story building with a 60% building-to-land ratio and to design the fourth floor with a 20% building-to-land-ratio. However, the land area (142m2) was so small that 20% of the area was only 28.4m2. It was important to find alternatives to look for a maximum floor area ratio to meet what the building owner required without any loss.

現場分析

這片土地曾經是蔚山的一個老住宅區。目標地點已重新開發了一個新的公寓大樓，並成為一個商業區，因為北邊有一條新的20米寬的路。另外，也可以通過從道路接收北方的光線來確保高度。這使得一樓更高，允許建築師對建築沒有任何高度限制。在周邊地區，建築面積相當於建築面積的三層建築建在20米寬的公路前面。這導致了一個悶熱的城市景觀的創造。因此，一樓的前部比其他樓層高，由玻璃製成，二樓的路邊是空的，以創造開放性。室外樓梯由彎曲金屬製成，晝夜創造城市風光。我們希望這座小型建築將有機會進入商業建築，並使城市的荒涼景觀得到改善。

The land used to be an old residential area in Ulsan. The target site had been redeveloped with a new apartment complex and became a commercial area because of a new 20m wide road to the north side. Also, it was possible to secure the height by receiving the right of light from the north with the road. This made the first floor higher and allowed the architect to feel free from any height restriction on the building. In the surrounding area, the three-story buildings with the same building-to-land ratio and floor area ratio were built on the front of the 20m wide road. This resulted in the creation of a stuffy urban landscape. Therefore, the front part of the first floor, which was higher than the other floors, was made of glass, and the road side of the second floor was empty to create openness. The outdoor stairs were made of bent punched metal to create an urban scenery of day and night. We hope that this small building will bring a chance to access commercial buildings and cause a life change in the desolate urban landscape.

概念

建築業主想拆毀現有的房屋，建造一座商業建築，使他能夠利用建築作為總部的業務。在蔚山的老住宅區，這片土地特別小，但是建築業主想在他的總部設置許多活動。因此，他要求與其他業主一樣，他要求建造一幢最高建築面積的建築。該項目是滿足業主要求的所有要求的一個巨大挑戰，包括設計不同於現有建築的建築物，因為業主希望如果將建築物改為租賃物業，可以從租金中賺取大量資金。為了解決這個問題，一樓的零售店鋪被放置在一樓，所有者要求的其他活動的空間與其餘的佔地面積比垂直建成。該建築物應為三層建築，總面積比例，但該建築成為一座五層樓，新建合同面積比。說實話，最難的是勸說業主這個獨特的佔地面積比例。例如，二樓作為室外空間使用較少的佔地面積比。如果大樓從總部辦公室為出租物業，一般租金收入將會下降。不過，我們相信這個建築物是不合理的。一樓略高，這個優勢會增加租金。此外，由於建築物的土地比率和建築面積比例，建築物是三層樓，由五層組成。因此，這五層樓的建築物都更有利可圖。此外，二樓和五樓更有利於租金，因為這些樓層有室外空間。坦白說，二樓是建築物最受歡迎的樓層。

The building owner wanted to demolish the existing house and build a commercial building so that he could use the building as the headquarters for his business. Among the old residential areas in Ulsan, the land was especially tiny, but the building owner wanted to include many activities in his headquarters. Therefore, he requested that a building be built with a maximum building-to-land ratio and floor area ratio as other owners did. This project was a huge challenge to meet all the requirements the owner asked for including designing a building different from the existing buildings because the owner hoped to make a lot of money from rent if he changed the building into rental property. In order to solve this problem, retail shops for rent were placed on the first floor, and room for other activities that the owner requested were built vertically with the rest of the floor area ratio. The building was supposed to be three-story building with a general floor area ratio, but the building became a five-story building with a new composed floor area ratio. To tell the truth, the hardest part was to persuade the owner about this unique floor area ratio. For example, the second floor remained empty as an outdoor space which used less of the floor area ratio. If the building were changed from a headquarters office to rental property, generally the rental income would decrease. However, we believed that this would not be true for this building. The first floor is slightly higher and this advantage will increase the rent. Also, the building, which was supposed to be a three-story building because of the building?to-land ratio and floor area ratio, is composed of five levels. Therefore, all five levels of the building are more profitable for rent. Also, the second floor and the fifth floor are more beneficial for rent because those floors have outdoor space. Frankly, the second floor was the most popular area when the building was being constructed.

特徵

大多數人誤解這個房子的形態方法。然而，這是錯誤的。建設用地率，通常在一小部分地區的建築與土地之間的比例進行了重組，從一樓到五樓安排了空間。這導致了大樓的新形成。質量不是特徵，而FAR（佔地面積比）Game的計劃是特徵。一樓最大佔地面積比例，二樓和三樓按照建築物的所需樓面面積比例，保留一些前部空間。第二層和第三層獲得的建築面積比例用於第四和第五層。這個重新布置的佔地面積比創建了建築物。

Most people misunderstand the morphological approach of this house. However, this is wrong. The building-to-land ratio, which buildings usually have in a small area, was restructured and spaces were arranged from the first floor to the fifth floor. This resulted in a new formation of the building. The mass is not an identity, but the program by the FAR (Floor Area Ratio) Game is the identity. There is a maximum floor area ratio for the first floor, and the second and third floors meet the required floor area ratio of the building by keeping some of the front parts empty. The floor area ration, which was obtained on the second and third floor, was used for the fourth and fifth floors. This rearranged floor area ratio created the building.

材料

由於該地區較舊，看起來很複雜。我們想建造一個包含大眾感的潔凈建築。我們想用白色的混凝土建造這座建築物，但它是一個低預算的建築。因此，我們取出模具，將表面磨平，混合白色石粉與含水保水劑，並建造了一個白色建築。由於建築物很小，外部樓梯在前面看起來很明顯。這些開放的外部樓梯在視覺上中斷了建築物突出的質量設計。因此，使用了不僅開放而且封閉的沖孔金屬。事實上，這種材料首先是磨砂鏈，它強調垂直性，並具有微妙的太陽反射感。然而，建築業主想將材料改為沖孔金屬。為了強調垂直度，線條沿垂直方向彎曲。

Since the area is older, it looked complex. We wanted to build a clean building which included a sense of mass. We wanted to construct the building with exposed white concrete, but it was a low budget building. For this reason, we removed the mold, ground the surface, mixed white stone powder with watery retaining agent, and built a white colored building. Since the building was small, the exterior stairs looked visually massive in the front. These open exterior stairs visually interrupted the protruding mass design of the building. Therefore, the punched metal, which provided not only openness but also closure, was used. In fact, the material at first was matte chain, which emphasized verticality and had a subtle sense of reflections of the sun. However, the building owner wanted to change the material to punched metal. In order to emphasize the verticality, the lines were bent in a vertical direction.