selenium+python環境的搭建的自動化測試

一、安裝python：

我安裝的是2.7.13版本的；可以在CMD下 運行python命令查看是否安裝python，以及安裝版本；

在https://www.python.org/getit/這個地址可以下裝所需版本。

安裝完成後需要配置環境變數，path=……;python的安裝目錄

二、setuptool安裝（python 的基礎包工具）

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools這個是下載路徑，一開始我也下載了，但是裝得一塌糊塗。後來網上找到一篇教程，是直接通過直接python腳本自動完成setuptool的下載和安裝。默認會找到 python 的安裝路徑，將安裝到 Python 安裝目錄下的lib下的 site-package下 如D:Python27Libsite-packages 目錄下

腳本如下：（複製進xx.py文件里 保存 運行py文件即可）

#!usr/bin/python
#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
Setuptools bootstrapping installer.

Maintained at https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/tree/bootstrap.

Run this script to install or upgrade setuptools.

This method is DEPRECATED. Check https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/581 for more details.
"""

import os
import shutil
import sys
import tempfile
import zipfile
import optparse
import subprocess
import platform
import textwrap
import contextlib

from distutils import log

try:
from urllib.request import urlopen
except ImportError:
from urllib2 import urlopen

try:
from site import USER_SITE
except ImportError:
USER_SITE = None

# 33.1.1 is the last version that supports setuptools self upgrade/installation.
DEFAULT_VERSION = "33.1.1"
DEFAULT_URL = "https://pypi.io/packages/source/s/setuptools/"
DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR = os.curdir
DEFAULT_DEPRECATION_MESSAGE = "ez_setup.py is deprecated and when using it setuptools will be pinned to {0} since it"s the last version that supports setuptools self upgrade/installation, check https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/581 for more info; use pip to install setuptools"

MEANINGFUL_INVALID_ZIP_ERR_MSG = "Maybe {0} is corrupted, delete it and try again."

log.warn(DEFAULT_DEPRECATION_MESSAGE.format(DEFAULT_VERSION))

def _python_cmd(*args):
"""
Execute a command.

Return True if the command succeeded.
"""
args = (sys.executable,) + args
return subprocess.call(args) == 0

def _install(archive_filename, install_args=):
"""Install Setuptools."""
with archive_context(archive_filename):
# installing
log.warn("Installing Setuptools")
if not _python_cmd("setup.py", "install", *install_args):
log.warn("Something went wrong during the installation.")
log.warn("See the error message above.")
# exitcode will be 2
return 2

def _build_egg(egg, archive_filename, to_dir):
"""Build Setuptools egg."""
with archive_context(archive_filename):
# building an egg
log.warn("Building a Setuptools egg in %s", to_dir)
_python_cmd("setup.py", "-q", "bdist_egg", "--dist-dir", to_dir)
# returning the result
log.warn(egg)
if not os.path.exists(egg):
raise IOError("Could not build the egg.")

class ContextualZipFile(zipfile.ZipFile):

"""Supplement ZipFile class to support context manager for Python 2.6."""

def __enter__(self):
return self

def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
self.close

def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
"""Construct a ZipFile or ContextualZipFile as appropriate."""
if hasattr(zipfile.ZipFile, "__exit__"):
return zipfile.ZipFile(*args, **kwargs)
return super(ContextualZipFile, cls).__new__(cls)

@contextlib.contextmanager
def archive_context(filename):
"""
Unzip filename to a temporary directory, set to the cwd.

The unzipped target is cleaned up after.
"""
tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp
log.warn("Extracting in %s", tmpdir)
old_wd = os.getcwd
try:
os.chdir(tmpdir)
try:
with ContextualZipFile(filename) as archive:
archive.extractall
except zipfile.BadZipfile as err:
if not err.args:
err.args = ("", )
err.args = err.args + (
MEANINGFUL_INVALID_ZIP_ERR_MSG.format(filename),
)
raise

# going in the directory
subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
os.chdir(subdir)
log.warn("Now working in %s", subdir)
yield

finally:
os.chdir(old_wd)
shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)

def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay):
"""Download Setuptools."""
py_desig = "py{sys.version_info[0]}.{sys.version_info[1]}".format(sys=sys)
tp = "setuptools-{version}-{py_desig}.egg"
egg = os.path.join(to_dir, tp.format(**locals))
if not os.path.exists(egg):
archive = download_setuptools(version, download_base,
to_dir, download_delay)
_build_egg(egg, archive, to_dir)
sys.path.insert(0, egg)

# Remove previously-imported pkg_resources if present (see
# https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/pull-request/7/ for details).
if "pkg_resources" in sys.modules:
_unload_pkg_resources

import setuptools
setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg

def use_setuptools(
version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
to_dir=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR, download_delay=15):
"""
Ensure that a setuptools version is installed.

Return None. Raise SystemExit if the requested version
or later cannot be installed.
"""
to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)

# prior to importing, capture the module state for
# representative modules.
rep_modules = "pkg_resources", "setuptools"
imported = set(sys.modules).intersection(rep_modules)

try:
import pkg_resources
pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=" + version)
# a suitable version is already installed
return
except ImportError:
# pkg_resources not available; setuptools is not installed; download
pass
except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
# no version of setuptools was found; allow download
pass
except pkg_resources.VersionConflict as VC_err:
if imported:
_conflict_bail(VC_err, version)

# otherwise, unload pkg_resources to allow the downloaded version to
# take precedence.
del pkg_resources
_unload_pkg_resources

return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)

def _conflict_bail(VC_err, version):
"""
Setuptools was imported prior to invocation, so it is
unsafe to unload it. Bail out.
"""
conflict_tmpl = textwrap.dedent("""
The required version of setuptools (>={version}) is not available,
and can"t be installed while this script is running. Please
install a more recent version first, using
"easy_install -U setuptools".

(Currently using {VC_err.args[0]!r})
""")
msg = conflict_tmpl.format(**locals)
sys.stderr.write(msg)
sys.exit(2)

def _unload_pkg_resources:
sys.meta_path = [
importer
for importer in sys.meta_path
if importer.__class__.__module__ != "pkg_resources.extern"
]
del_modules = [
name for name in sys.modules
if name.startswith("pkg_resources")
]
for mod_name in del_modules:
del sys.modules[mod_name]

def _clean_check(cmd, target):
"""
Run the command to download target.

If the command fails, clean up before re-raising the error.
"""
try:
subprocess.check_call(cmd)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
if os.access(target, os.F_OK):
os.unlink(target)
raise

def download_file_powershell(url, target):
"""
Download the file at url to target using Powershell.

Powershell will validate trust.
Raise an exception if the command cannot complete.
"""
target = os.path.abspath(target)
ps_cmd = (
"[System.Net.WebRequest]::DefaultWebProxy.Credentials = "
"[System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultCredentials; "
"(new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("%(url)s", "%(target)s")"
% locals
)
cmd = [
"powershell",
"-Command",
ps_cmd,
]
_clean_check(cmd, target)

def has_powershell:
"""Determine if Powershell is available."""
if platform.system != "Windows":
return False
cmd = ["powershell", "-Command", "echo test"]
with open(os.path.devnull, "wb") as devnull:
try:
subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
except Exception:
return False
return True
download_file_powershell.viable = has_powershell

def download_file_curl(url, target):
cmd = ["curl", url, "--location", "--silent", "--output", target]
_clean_check(cmd, target)

def has_curl:
cmd = ["curl", "--version"]
with open(os.path.devnull, "wb") as devnull:
try:
subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
except Exception:
return False
return True
download_file_curl.viable = has_curl

def download_file_wget(url, target):
cmd = ["wget", url, "--quiet", "--output-document", target]
_clean_check(cmd, target)

def has_wget:
cmd = ["wget", "--version"]
with open(os.path.devnull, "wb") as devnull:
try:
subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
except Exception:
return False
return True
download_file_wget.viable = has_wget

def download_file_insecure(url, target):
"""Use Python to download the file, without connection authentication."""
src = urlopen(url)
try:
# Read all the data in one block.
data = src.read
finally:
src.close

# Write all the data in one block to avoid creating a partial file.
with open(target, "wb") as dst:
dst.write(data)
download_file_insecure.viable = lambda: True

def get_best_downloader:
downloaders = (
download_file_powershell,
download_file_curl,
download_file_wget,
download_file_insecure,
)
viable_downloaders = (dl for dl in downloaders if dl.viable)
return next(viable_downloaders, None)

def download_setuptools(
version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
to_dir=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR, delay=15,
downloader_factory=get_best_downloader):
"""
Download setuptools from a specified location and return its filename.

`version` should be a valid setuptools version number that is available
as an sdist for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end
with a "/"). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.
`delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download
attempt.

``downloader_factory`` should be a function taking no arguments and
returning a function for downloading a URL to a target.
"""
# making sure we use the absolute path
to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
zip_name = "setuptools-%s.zip" % version
url = download_base + zip_name
saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, zip_name)
if not os.path.exists(saveto): # Avoid repeated downloads
log.warn("Downloading %s", url)
downloader = downloader_factory
downloader(url, saveto)
return os.path.realpath(saveto)

def _build_install_args(options):
"""
Build the arguments to "python setup.py install" on the setuptools package.

Returns list of command line arguments.
"""
return ["--user"] if options.user_install else

def _parse_args:
"""Parse the command line for options."""
parser = optparse.OptionParser
parser.add_option(
"--user", dest="user_install", action="store_true", default=False,
help="install in user site package")
parser.add_option(
"--download-base", dest="download_base", metavar="URL",
default=DEFAULT_URL,
help="alternative URL from where to download the setuptools package")
parser.add_option(
"--insecure", dest="downloader_factory", action="store_const",
const=lambda: download_file_insecure, default=get_best_downloader,
help="Use internal, non-validating downloader"
)
parser.add_option(
"--version", help="Specify which version to download",
default=DEFAULT_VERSION,
)
parser.add_option(
"--to-dir",
help="Directory to save (and re-use) package",
default=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR,
)
options, args = parser.parse_args
# positional arguments are ignored
return options

def _download_args(options):
"""Return args for download_setuptools function from cmdline args."""
return dict(
version=options.version,
download_base=options.download_base,
downloader_factory=options.downloader_factory,
to_dir=options.to_dir,
)

def main:
"""Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall."""
options = _parse_args
archive = download_setuptools(**_download_args(options))
return _install(archive, _build_install_args(options))

if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(main)

三、pip的安裝（python 的安裝包管理工具）

是一個壓縮包，解壓後 shift+滑鼠右擊，選擇在此處打開命令窗口 然後執行python setup.py install；接著，再切換到 python的安裝目錄下的scripts下如D:Python27Scripts ,在此處打開命令窗口 執行 easy_install pip

四、selenium安裝 在python安裝目錄下的Scripts目錄下 打開DOS命令窗口 輸入 pip install -U selenium （該方式在聯網的情況下 自動進行下載和安裝）

五、下載 selenium 的服務端（https://code.google.com/p/selenium/） 找到selenium-server-standalone-XXX.jar

下載下來後解壓；在 selenium-server-standalone-xxx.jar 目 錄 下打開dos命令窗口， 使 用 命 令 java -jarselenium-server-standalone-xxx.jar 啟動（如果打不開，查看是否埠被占 用：netstat -aon|findstr 4444）。

插入題外話：我安裝到這裡的時候，以為已經完成環境的部署了，裝了這麼多但是完全不知道怎麼用，除了一堆不知道的安裝後的文件，我什麼也沒見著，一臉懵，中午吃飯的時候，給一位開發的同事吐槽了下，他剛好了解，吃好飯後他就幫我接著部署。

1、先是檢查了我的python是否安裝且配置環境變數 （其他的沒檢查，估計用不到？ 我不太清楚）

2、接著因為我使用的是Firefox瀏覽器，說是版本太高，selenium版本不支持，然後卸載了50.幾版本的Firefox瀏覽器，取了個46.幾版本的；接著在附件組件下的插件出下載了

firebug 和firepath 是自動化測試腳本開發調試中用到

3、安裝PyCharm，是由JetBrains打造的一款Python IDE

寫了段代碼驗證

# coding = utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox
browser.get("http://www.baidu.com")
browser.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("輸入框查詢內容")
browser.find_element_by_id("su").click
browser.quit

但是報錯 沒有 geckodriver.exe 缺少對應瀏覽器driver驅動

4、取到 對應driver ，Firefox取 geckodriver.exe 放到 Windows： python安裝根目錄（與python.exe 同一目錄）註：其實放在哪裡都行，只要能被找到就行，放到其他目錄時，就加上配置環境變數path值，以讓程序找到

然後在執行上面python代碼，執行成功

至此，selenium+python的環境部署成功，可以開始進行自動化測試腳本編寫

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