如何通過一個月的訓練，超過擁有兩年經驗的寫作高手

在寫作中，你有沒有思考過自己每一句話，可不可以有另外一種表達的方式呢？

這樣的訓練方式，被稱為：刻意訓練。

你別小看它的威力，刻意訓練某種技能，幾乎能讓你學會世界上所有的事。

這句話不是我說的，而是來自於《刻意訓練》一書的作者：

[美] 安德斯·艾利克森（Anders Ericsson）和羅伯特·普爾（Robert Pool）

如果你已經和我一樣讀過一遍，那我建議你今天重頭再讀一遍。

有些書具有一種魔法，當你遇到某些特殊經歷或感觸後，重讀一遍你會茅塞頓開。

《刻意訓練》就是這樣一本書。

幾年前，當我在訓練寫作邏輯時，並沒有這本書，但我只知道要反覆琢磨，仔細對比，才漸漸的開始略有起色。

今年我讀完這本書後，作者的總結才讓我明白，原來這樣的做法就是刻意訓練。

所以，如果在2017年你有自己的書單，那我建議你加上這一本，讀完你一定不會後悔。

至於它是不是暢銷書，come on, who cares...

回到今天的主題哈，這本書當然不是本文的主題啦。

今天我想給大家分享的是，如何提高英語句子的表達能力。

最近反覆閱讀了大約10多位同學的作文，我發現很多同學似乎在表達能力上有些欠缺。

實際上它並不是什麼很難解決的問題，你需要做的僅僅是每天花20分鐘，

刻意的去訓練下，大約1-2個星期，就會有些提高了，提高多少根據個人基礎而定。

你也許想問我，應該如何訓練呢，別急，別急...

再實踐之前，總得有些理論吧，否則你怎麼知道訓練標準呢。

提高表達能力的十個原理

第一. 把複雜從句改為片語表達

在訓練表達能力時，你用不著非得用老長老長的從句來實現。這麼做違背了訓練表達的初衷。表達能力要求是言簡意賅，複雜句總是給考官看的。

Citizens who knew what was going on voted him out of office.

Knowledgeable citizens voted him out of office.

類似這樣的縮減，用另外一種更精準、更簡便的表達方式，來實現我們訓練的目的。

第二. 能用單詞表達，就別用片語表達。

如果上一條是初級版本，那麼這一條就是進階版本。意思能理解，執行才有效果。

第三. 再把there is/ there are/等放在句首，就自打三十大板。

我們好歹是受過高等教育的同學了，這樣的表達還是能省就省。至於怎麼改？別急，看下去就行。

第四. 不要過度修辭

修辭手法你一定不陌生，也許你在英語中並不常用修辭。如果是這樣，那請保持。如果你特別愛修辭，尤其是用在形容詞部分，那麼在學術類文章一定要改正。

By the time she got home, Merdine was very tired.

By the time she got home, Merdine was exhausted.

第五. 避免多餘的表達

什麼是多餘的表達？就是那些加和不加在句子，對整句話都沒什麼影響的單詞或片語，另外有了它們會顯得整句話特別枯燥乏味，這些就是要被cut的部分。

At this point in time, we should edit our work.

Now we should edit our work.

第六. 用主動時態動詞

主動時態在英語表達中，會顯得更加有力，更加直接。相反被動語態則有些委婉，有些無力。看起來似乎有些沒自信的感覺。總之，少用為上。

第七. 不要賣弄寫作技巧

有位作家曾經說過，「簡單是最終極的複雜。」這句話涵蓋了太多深奧的意義，至今我也沒有琢磨透徹。但你在寫作中就要刻意避免用太複雜的片語或從句。

At this moment in time, students who are matriculating through high school should be empowered to participate in the voting process.

High school students should have the right to vote.

兩句話之間的差異，你感受感受。

第八. 去掉那些毫無疑義的片語

句子里的片語，如果沒有什麼意義，直接拿到，沒必要留著沒價值的文字表達。

All things being equal, what I am trying to say is that in my opinion, all students should, in the final analysis, have the right to vote for all intents and purposes.

Students should have the right to vote.

有沒有發現自己的影子，許多同學在寫作時或多或少會贅述許多。這是寫作習慣問題，刻意訓練就會改善。

第九. 不要過度名詞化

有些複雜句中，的確存在主語從句，但也需要看情況。寫作中非必要情況，都不會這麼寫。一來讀起來累，二來很容易寫錯。而過度名詞化就有些更過份了...

The presentation of the arguments by the students was convincing.

The students argued convincingly. ／ The students presented their arguments convincingly.

第十. 拒絕含糊的名詞

例如：area, aspect, case, factor, manner, situation, something, thing, way。用更精準的表達來替代它們。

After reading several things in the area of psychology-type subjects, I decided to put myself in a situation where I might change my major.

After reading several psychology books, I decided to change my major.

自我測試時間

看完上面的十個原則，你有沒有也想練練手呢。

我為大家準備了十道訓練題，花20分鐘，把它們拷貝到電腦里，動手改改看。

如果你需要答案對比，在微信號里發送「文字表達」四個字，即可獲取參考答案。

In the cellar there are four wooden-type crates with nothing in them that might perhaps be used by us for storing paint cans inside of.

This morning at 6:30 a.m., I woke up out of sleep to hear my alarm go off, but the alarm was turned off by me, and I returned back to a sleeping state.

The reason that Merdine was not able to be in attendance at the hockey game was because she had jury duty.

Omar and I, we returned back to the hometown where we both grew up to attend a reunion of the people that we went to high school with ten years ago in the past.

Melba has designed a very unique kind of shirt that is made out of a polyester type of material that never creases into wrinkles when it rains and the shirt gets wet.

She used her money to purchase a large-type desk made of mahogany wood that is dark brown in color and handsome to look at.

In view of the fact that it was raining down, orders were given that the game be canceled.

At that point in time when Marie was a teenager the basic fundamentals of how to dance were first learned by her.

Some sort of identification that would show how old we were was requested of us by the man that collects tickets from people at the movie theater.

There is a possibility that one of the causes of so many teenagers running away from home is the fact that many of them have indifferent parents who don t really care about them.

另外，如果你想購買《刻意訓練》這本書，那麼你可以節省5分鐘的時間，

點一點"閱讀原文"就能直達購買網頁。省下的時間，用來完成上面的練習豈不更好

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