雅思長難句四大句式結構——分割結構

分割結構

在TOEFL & IELTS閱讀中，分割結構經常會對學生的理解造成障礙。這是因為中國學生不熟悉這種語法結構造成的。

如何識別分割結構呢？在TOEFL & IELTS閱讀里常見的分割結構，一般包括主語的長定語成分分割了主語和謂語，兩個逗號或雙破折號構成的成分隔開了主幹的任何兩個成分等。處理的方法，和處理狀語的時候非常類似，就是在識別分割結構後，先忽略它，把句子的主幹讀完後，再回頭理解分割里的內容。

例一

Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century of ten treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant.

解析

定語成分in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts分割了真正的主語the basic difference和謂語 remains relatively constant。

處理

識別出這個分割結構後，直接跳過它，找到謂語動詞remains後，先理解主幹the basic difference remains relatively constant後，再回頭理解這個定語成分in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts。

例二

The hypothesis that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators yields a prediction: baby birds of species that experience high rates of nest predation should produce softer begging signals of higher frequency than nestlings of other species less often victimized by nest predators.

解析

定語成分that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators分割了真正的主語The hypothesis和謂語 yields a prediction。

處理

識別出這個分割結構後，直接跳過它，找到謂語動詞yields a prediction後，先理解主幹The hypothesis yields a prediction後，再回頭理解這個定語成分that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators。

例三

This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate — that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply — has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.

解析

介詞短語構成的長定語成分of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate作為主語This unprecedented development的後置定語，它和雙破折號連接的成分一起分割了主語This unprecedented development和謂語has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically。

處理

識別出這個分割結構後，直接跳過它，找到謂語動詞has caused後，先理解主幹This unprecedented development has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically後，再回頭理解定語成分和雙破折號of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate — that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply —里的內容。

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